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Form Driver

Толкование Перевод

1 driver's workstation

form < comvhcl> ■ Fahrerplatz m ; Fahrerarbeitsplatz m form ; Fahrerraum m ; Cockpit n ugs

English-german technical dictionary > driver's workstation
2 driver's cabin

form < comvhcl> (of trucks) ■ Fahrerhaus n ; Kabine f

< railw> ■ Führerstand m DIN 25647-1 ; Führerraum m

English-german technical dictionary > driver's cabin
3 driver-elevating order picker

< logist> (raises both the driver and the load) ■ Kommissionierstapler m ; Hochhubfahrzeug mit hebbarem Bedienstand n form ; Regalbedien- und Kommissionierstapler m ; Hochregal- und Kommissionierstapler m ; Kombi-Stapler m prakt

English-german technical dictionary > driver-elevating order picker
4 driver's form automobile policy

police automobile, formule des conducteurs (2e) driver's license, driving license

English-French insurance dictionari > driver's form automobile policy
5 driver

<tech.gen> (any mechanical driving device) ■ Antriebsteil n

<av> ■ Horntreiber m ; Treiber m ; Soundtreiber m ; Klangtreiber m

< edp> (software) ■ Treibersoftware fsg

< edp> ■ Treiber m ; Gerätetreiber m ; Treibersoftware f ; Treiberprogramm n rar ; Steuerprogramm n rar

<mach.tools> ■ Mitnehmer m

<mach.tools> (of center lathe) ■ Drehherz n

< mvhcl> (of a motor vehicle; e.g. of a truck, car, motorbike; male) ■ Fahrer m ; Lenker m A ; Fahrzeugführer m form

< mvhcl> (of a motor vehicle; e.g. of a truck, car, motorbike; female) ■ Fahrerin f ; Lenkerin m A ; Fahrzeugführerin m form

<mvhcl.el> (in centrifugal advance mechanism) ■ Mitnehmer m

<mvhcl.tools> (for use with a hammer) ■ Treibdorn m ; Treiber m sg=pl ; Dorn m

pract < railw> (of locomotives) ■ Antriebsrad n ; treibendes Rad n

< railw> ■ Triebrad n

< theat> ■ Mitnehmer m ; Schwert n

US < tools> (for use with socket drive tools) ■ Schraubendrehereinsatz m

< tools> (screwdriver-type handle for use with sockets) ■ Steckgriff m ; Vierkant-Griff m

< vhcl> (in bicycle hub) ■ Antriebsteil n ; Antreiber m

English-german technical dictionary > driver
6 driver's area

< comvhcl> ■ Fahrerplatz m ; Fahrerarbeitsplatz m form ; Fahrerraum m ; Cockpit n ugs

English-german technical dictionary > driver's area
7 driver's compartment

< comvhcl> ■ Fahrerplatz m ; Fahrerarbeitsplatz m form ; Fahrerraum m ; Cockpit n ugs

English-german technical dictionary > driver's compartment
8 driver's station

< comvhcl> ■ Fahrerplatz m ; Fahrerarbeitsplatz m form ; Fahrerraum m ; Cockpit n ugs

English-german technical dictionary > driver's station
9 custom driver access

"Device IO Control to 3rd party driver, a form of restricted device interface access for privileged apps"

الوصول إلى برنامج تشغيل مخصص

English-Arabic terms dictionary > custom driver access
10 ball hex driver

US < tools> ■ Kugelkopfschraubendreher m ; Sechskant-Schraubendreher mit Kugelkopf m form ; Kugelkopf-Stiftschlüssel m rar

English-german technical dictionary > ball hex driver
11 ball-ended hex driver

GB < tools> ■ Kugelkopfschraubendreher m ; Sechskant-Schraubendreher mit Kugelkopf m form ; Kugelkopf-Stiftschlüssel m rar

English-german technical dictionary > ball-ended hex driver
12 hex head driver

US < tools> ■ Schraubendrehereinsatz für Innensechskantschrauben m form ; Innensechskant-Einsatz m ; Inbuseinsatz m ®.prakt

English-german technical dictionary > hex head driver
13 tubular nut driver

< tools> ■ Rohrsteckschlüssel m ; Rohr-Sechskant-Steckschlüssel m form

English-german technical dictionary > tubular nut driver
14 FDV

1) Военный термин: fault detect verification

2) Техника: full-duplex vocoder

3) Математика: Functional Dependency Violated

4) Автомобильный термин: fuel decel valve (Ford)

5) Сокращение: Form Driver

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > FDV
15 semitrailer tractor

form < comvhcl> (short truck with a driver's cab but no body; for semitrailers) ■ Sattelzugmaschine f (SZM) DIN ; Zugmaschine f ; Sattelschlepper m ugs

English-german technical dictionary > semitrailer tractor
16 relief

I noun
1) (alleviation, deliverance) Erleichterung, die

give or bring [somebody] relief [from pain] — [jemandem] [Schmerz]linderung verschaffen

breathe or heave a sigh of relief — erleichtert aufatmen

what a relief!, that's a relief! — da bin ich aber erleichtert!

2) (assistance) Hilfe, die; (financial state assistance) Sozialhilfe, die; attrib. Hilfs[fond, -organisation, -komitee]

3) (replacement of person) Ablösung, die; attrib.

relief driver — ablösender Fahrer
II noun
1) (Art)

works in relief — Reliefarbeiten

high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief, das

2) (a sculpture) Relief, das

3)

stand out in strong relief against something — sich scharf gegen etwas abheben; (fig.) in krassem Gegensatz zu etwas stehen

* * *
[rə'li:f]
noun

1) (a lessening or stopping of pain, worry, boredom etc: When one has a headache, an aspirin brings relief; He gave a sigh of relief; It was a great relief to find nothing had been stolen.) die Erleichterung

2) (help (eg food) given to people in need of it: famine relief; ( also adjective) A relief fund has been set up to send supplies to the refugees.) die Hilfe; Hilfs-...

3) (a person who takes over some job or task from another person, usually after a given period of time: The bus-driver was waiting for his relief; ( also adjective) a relief driver.) die Ablösung; Ablösungs-...

4) (the act of freeing a town etc from siege: the relief of Mafeking.) die Befreiung

5) (a way of carving etc in which the design is raised above the level of its background: a carving in relief.) das Relief

•

- academic.ru/61348/relieve">relieve
- relieved
* * *

re·lief¹

[rɪˈli:f]

I. n

1. no pl (assistance for poor) Hilfsgüter pl; (help) Hilfe f, Unterstützung f

shipment of \relief Hilfsgütersendung f

to be on \relief AM ( fam) von der Sozialhilfe leben

disaster/famine \relief Katastrophen-/Hungerhilfe f

2. (diminution) Entlastung f

\relief of hunger/suffering Linderung f von Hunger/Leid

tax \relief Steuerermäßigung f

3. (release from tension) Erleichterung f

that's [or what] a \relief! was für eine Erleichterung!

you can imagine my \relief du kannst dir vorstellen, wie erleichtert ich war

it was such a \relief to hear that Glen had been found safe and well mir fiel ein Stein vom Herzen, als ich hörte, dass man Glen sicher und wohlauf gefunden hatte

sense of \relief Gefühl nt der Erleichterung

to feel an incredible sense of \relief sich akk unglaublich erleichtert fühlen

a sigh of \relief ein Seufzer m der Erleichterung

to breathe a sigh of \relief erleichtert aufatmen

light [or comic] \relief THEAT befreiende Komik

to be greeted with \relief mit Erleichterung aufgenommen werden

much to my [or to my great] \relief zu meiner großen Erleichterung

4. (substitute) Ersatz m, Vertretung f

5. MIL (liberation)

\relief of a country/a town Entsatz m eines Landes/einer Stadt

6. LAW (remedy) Klagebegehren nt

II. n modifier Ersatz-, Vertretungs-

\relief driver Ersatzfahrer(in) m(f)

re·lief²

[rɪˈli:f]

n

1. (three-dimensional representation) Reliefdruck m

2. (sculpture) Relief nt

bronze \relief Bronzerelief nt

3. no pl (sharpness of image) Kontrast m

▪ to be in \relief against sth sich akk von etw dat abheben

to stand out in sharp [or bold] \relief sich akk deutlich von etw dat [o gegen etw akk] abheben

to throw sth into \relief etw hervortreten lassen

* * *
[rɪ'liːf]
1. n

1) (from anxiety, pain) Erleichterung f

to bring sb relief (drug) — jdm Erleichterung verschaffen; (news) jdn erleichtern

that brought him some relief from his headache — das hat seine Kopfschmerzen etwas gelindert

that's a relief! — mir fällt ein Stein vom Herzen

it was a relief to find it — ich/er etc war erleichtert, als ich/er etc es fand

it was a relief to get out of the office — es war eine Wohltat, aus dem Büro wegzukommen

2) (from monotony, boredom) Abwechslung f

to provide a little light/comic relief — für eine kleine Abwechslung/für etwas Humor sorgen

3) (= assistance) Hilfe f

to come to sb's relief — jdm zu Hilfe kommen

relief was available in the form of blankets and cups of tea — für Decken und heißen Tee war gesorgt

to send relief in the form of food to sb — jdm mit Nahrungsmitteln zu Hilfe kommen

relief of the poor — Armenfürsorge f

to provide relief for the poor — für die Armen sorgen

to be on relief (US) — Fürsorge bekommen, von der Fürsorge leben

4) (ESP MIL: act of relieving, replacement forces) Entsatz m; (= substitute) Ablösung f

5) (ART, GEOG) Relief nt; (TYP) Relief nt, Hochdruck m

high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief nt

in relief — erhaben

to stand out in relief (lit) — sich (deutlich) abheben; (fig)

to throw sth into relief (lit) (fig) — etw (deutlich) hervortreten lassen etw hervorheben

6) (JUR) Rechtshilfe f (of bei)

2. attr

1) (= aid) Hilfs-

the relief effort — die Hilfsaktion; (in disaster) die Rettungsaktion

2) (= replacement) watchman, driver zur Entlastung

relief bus/train — Entlastungsbus/-zug m

3) (TYP ETC) Relief-

relief printing — Reliefdruck m

* * *

relief¹ [rıˈliːf] s

1. Erleichterung f ( auch MED):

a drug for the relief of pain ein schmerzlinderndes Mittel;

(much) to my relief, to my (great) relief zu meiner (großen) Erleichterung;

with ( oder in) relief erleichtert;

it was a relief to me when ich war erleichtert, als;

give ( oder bring) some relief MED Erleichterung bringen; → sigh A 1, C

2. Wohltat f ( to the eye für das Auge)

3. a) Entspannung f, Abwechslung f, angenehme Unterbrechung

b) euph sexuelle Befriedigung

4. Trost m

5. Entlastung f

6. Abhilfe f

7. a) Unterstützung f, Hilfe f:

relief fund Unterstützungs-, Hilfsfonds m;

relief works öffentliche Bauvorhaben zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit

b) US Sozialhilfe f:

be on relief Sozialhilfe beziehen

8. MIL

a) Entsatz m, Entlastung f:

relief attack Entlastungsangriff m

b) auch allg Ablösung f:

relief driver AUTO Beifahrer(in);

relief road Entlastungsstraße f;

relief train Entlastungszug m;

relief valve Überdruckventil n

9. Vertretung f, Aushilfe f:

relief secretary Aushilfssekretärin f

10. JUR

a) Rechtshilfe f

b) Rechtsbehelf m:

the relief sought das Klagebegehren

11. JUR, HIST Lehngeld n, -ware f

relief² [rıˈliːf] s

1. Relief n ( auch GEOG):

stand out in (bold) relief plastisch oder scharf hervortreten (a. fig);

bring out the facts in full relief fig die Tatsachen deutlich herausarbeiten;

set into vivid relief fig etwas plastisch schildern;

throw into relief (deutlich) hervortreten lassen (a. fig);

be in relief against sich (deutlich) abheben gegen;

relief map Relief-, Höhenkarte f

2. TYPO Reliefdruck m

* * *
I noun
1) (alleviation, deliverance) Erleichterung, die

give or bring [somebody] relief [from pain] — [jemandem] [Schmerz]linderung verschaffen

breathe or heave a sigh of relief — erleichtert aufatmen

what a relief!, that's a relief! — da bin ich aber erleichtert!

2) (assistance) Hilfe, die; (financial state assistance) Sozialhilfe, die; attrib. Hilfs[fond, -organisation, -komitee]

3) (replacement of person) Ablösung, die; attrib.

relief driver — ablösender Fahrer
II noun
1) (Art)

works in relief — Reliefarbeiten

high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief, das

2) (a sculpture) Relief, das

3)

stand out in strong relief against something — sich scharf gegen etwas abheben; (fig.) in krassem Gegensatz zu etwas stehen

* * *

n.

Ablösung -en f.

Entlastung f.

Erleichterung f.

Hilfe -n f.

Linderung f.

Relief -s n.

Unterstützung f.

English-german dictionary > relief
17 signal

1. noun
Signal, das

a signal for something/to somebody — ein Zeichen zu etwas/für jemanden

at a signal from the headmaster — auf ein Zeichen des Direktors

the signal was against us/at red — (Railw.) das Signal zeigte "halt"/stand auf Rot

hand signals — (Motor Veh.) Handzeichen

radio signal — Funkspruch, der
2. intransitive verb,
(Brit.) - ll- signalisieren; Signale geben; [Kraftfahrer:] blinken; (using hand etc. signals) anzeigen

signal for assistance — ein Hilfesignal geben

signal to somebody [to do something] — jemandem ein Zeichen geben[, etwas zu tun]
3. transitive verb,
(Brit.) - ll-

1) (lit. or fig.) signalisieren

signal somebody [to do something] — jemandem ein Zeichen geben[, etwas zu tun]

the driver signalled that he was turning right — der Fahrer zeigte an, dass er [nach] rechts abbiegen wollte

2) (Radio etc.) funken; [über Funk] durchgeben
4. adjective
außergewöhnlich

* * *
['siɡnəl] 1. noun
1) (a sign (eg a movement of the hand, a light, a sound), especially one arranged beforehand, giving a command, warning or other message: He gave the signal to advance.) das Signal

2) (a machine etc used for this purpose: a railway signal.) das Signal

3) (the wave, sound received or sent out by a radio set etc.) das Signal
2. verb
1) (to make signals (to): The policeman signalled the driver to stop.) Zeichen geben

2) (to send (a message etc) by means of signals.) signalisieren

•

- academic.ru/67212/signalman">signalman

* * *

sig·nal

[ˈsɪgn^əl]

I. n

1. (gesture) Zeichen nt, Signal nt ( for für + akk)

2. (indication) [An]zeichen nt

they are demanding a clear \signal that the issues are being addressed sie verlangen ein klares [An]zeichen dafür, dass die Probleme angegangen wurden

3. (traffic light) Ampel f; (for trains) Signal nt

4. ELEC, RADIO (transmission) Signal nt; (reception) Empfang m

5. AM AUTO (indicator) Blinker m

II. vt

< BRIT - ll- or AM usu -l->

1. (indicate)

▪ to \signal sth [to sb] [jdm] etw signalisieren

he \signalled left, but turned right er blinkte nach links, bog aber nach rechts ab

to \signal impatience Ungeduld zu erkennen geben

2. (gesticulate)

▪ to \signal sb to do sth jdm signalisieren, etw zu tun

III. vi

< BRIT - ll- or AM usu -l->

signalisieren; TELEC melden

she \signalled to them to be quiet sie gab ihnen ein Zeichen, ruhig zu sein

▪ to \signal for sth ein Zeichen nt zu etw dat geben

IV. adj attr ( form) achievement, success bemerkenswert, beachtlich

* * *
I ['sɪgnl]
1. n

1) (= sign) Zeichen nt; (as part of code) Signal nt; (= message) Nachricht f

to give the signal for sth — das Zeichen/Signal zu etw geben

to make a signal to sb — jdm ein Zeichen geben

2) (= apparatus RAIL) Signal nt

the signal is at red — das Signal steht auf Rot

3) (TELEC) Signal nt

4) (Brit MIL)

Signals — ≈ Fernmelder pl, Angehörige der britischen Fernmeldetruppe Royal Corps of Signals

2. vt

1) (= indicate) anzeigen; arrival, future event, spring etc ankündigen

to signal sb to do sth —

the policeman signalled (Brit) or signaled (US) the cars on — der Polizist gab den Autos das Zeichen weiterzufahren

that he was going to turn left — er zeigte an, dass er ( nach) links abbiegen wollte

onto another line — der Zug wurde durch Signale auf ein anderes Gleis gewiesen or geleitet

to signal one's intention to do sth — anzeigen, dass man vorhat, etw zu tun

2) message signalisieren

3. vi
ein Zeichen geben
to the waiter — er winkte dem Ober

he signaled for the check (US) — er winkte zum Zeichen, dass er zahlen wollte

the driver didn't signal — der Fahrer hat kein Zeichen gegeben or hat nicht angezeigt

for reinforcements — der General forderte Verstärkung an
II
adj attr (liter)
victory, courage beachtlich, bemerkenswert; success, contribution beachtlich; failure, stupidity eklatant (geh)
* * *

signal [ˈsıɡnl]

A s

1. auch MIL etc Signal n, ( auch verabredetes) Zeichen: → distress A 5, light signal

2. ELEK, SCHIFF, MIL, TECH (Funk)Spruch m:

Royal Corps of Signals, the Signals Br (die) Fernmeldetruppe

3. fig Signal n, (auslösendes) Zeichen ( beide:

for für, zu):

give a signal ein Zeichen setzen

4. Kartenspiel: Signal n

B adj (adv signally)

1. Signal…:

signal arm BAHN Signalarm m;

Signal Corps US Fernmeldetruppe f;

signal beacon Signalbake f;

signal communications pl MIL Fernmeldewesen n;

signal engineering Fernmeldetechnik f;

signal code Zeichenschlüssel m

2. beachtlich, un-, außergewöhnlich

C v/t prät und pperf -naled, besonders Br -nalled

1. jemanden durch Zeichen oder Signal(e) verständigen, jemandem Zeichen geben, jemandem winken

2. fig zu verstehen geben, signalisieren

3. eine Nachricht etc signalisieren, übermitteln, etwas melden

4. Eishockey: eine Strafe anzeigen (Schiedsrichter)

D v/i signalisieren, Zeichen machen oder geben, AUTO blinken

sig. abk

1. signal

2. signature

* * *
1. noun
Signal, das

a signal for something/to somebody — ein Zeichen zu etwas/für jemanden

at a signal from the headmaster — auf ein Zeichen des Direktors

the signal was against us/at red — (Railw.) das Signal zeigte "halt"/stand auf Rot

hand signals — (Motor Veh.) Handzeichen

radio signal — Funkspruch, der
2. intransitive verb,
(Brit.) - ll- signalisieren; Signale geben; [Kraftfahrer:] blinken; (using hand etc. signals) anzeigen

signal for assistance — ein Hilfesignal geben

signal to somebody [to do something] — jemandem ein Zeichen geben[, etwas zu tun]
3. transitive verb,
(Brit.) - ll-

1) (lit. or fig.) signalisieren

signal somebody [to do something] — jemandem ein Zeichen geben[, etwas zu tun]

the driver signalled that he was turning right — der Fahrer zeigte an, dass er [nach] rechts abbiegen wollte

2) (Radio etc.) funken; [über Funk] durchgeben
4. adjective
außergewöhnlich

* * *

n.

Signal e) n.

Zeichen - n. v.

signalisieren v.

English-german dictionary > signal
18 woman

'wumən
plural - women; noun

1) (an adult human female: His sisters are both grown women now; (also adjective) a woman doctor; women doctors.) mujer

2) (a female domestic daily helper: We have a woman who comes in to do the cleaning.) mujer que hace la limpieza

•

- - woman
- womanhood
- womankind
- womenkind
- womanly
- womanliness
- womenfolk

woman n mujer

El plural de woman es women

woman

tr['wʊmən]

noun (pl women tr['wɪmɪn])

1 mujer nombre femenino, señora

old woman vieja, anciana

young woman joven nombre femenino

adjective

1

woman doctor doctora

woman friend amiga

woman driver conductora

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

Women's Liberation/Lib liberación de la mujer

Women's Libber defensora de los derechos de la mujer

Women's Movement movimiento de la liberación de la mujer

women's refuge centro de acogida para mujeres

woman ['wʊmən] n, pl women ['wɪ-mə n] : mujer f

woman

adj.

• de mujer adj.

• femenino, -a adj.

n.

(§ pl.: women) = falda s.f.

• hembra s.f.

• mujer s.f.

• señora s.f.

'wʊmən
noun (pl women) mujer f; (as form of address) mujer

an old woman — una señora or mujer mayor or de edad; ( less respectful) una vieja

a young woman — una chica, una joven (frml)

he ran off with another woman — se fue con otra

you're a lucky woman — tienes suerte

she's a sick woman — está muy enferma

a woman's work is never done — (set phrase) el trabajo de la casa no se acaba nunca

the women's movement — el movimiento de liberación de la mujer

a woman's touch — el toque femenino

to be one's own woman — ser* una mujer independiente; (before n)

a woman lawyer/dentist — una abogada/dentista

a woman friend of mine — una amiga mía

['wʊmǝn]
1.

N
(pl women) ['wɪmɪn] mujer f
woman is very different from man — la mujer es muy distinta del hombre

I have a woman who comes in to do the cleaning — tengo una mujer que me hace la limpieza

the woman in his life — su compañera

his woman * — (=lover) su querida

woman to woman — de mujer a mujer

• women's doubles — dobles mpl femeninos

• women's football — fútbol m femenino

• women's group — grupo m femenino

• women's lib * — la liberación de la mujer

• women's libber * — feminista mf

• women's liberation — † liberación f de la mujer

• women's movement — movimiento m feminista

• she's her own woman — es una mujer muy fiel a sí misma

• women's page — sección f femenina

• women's refuge — hogar m para mujeres maltratadas

• women's rights — derechos mpl de la mujer

• women's room — (US) servicio m de señoras

• women's studies — (Univ) estudios mpl de la mujer

• women's team — equipo m femenino

• woman of the town — euph prostituta f

• it's women's work — es un trabajo de mujeres

• a woman of the world — una mujer de mundo

• young woman — joven f
honest 1., 1), little I, 1., 3), old 1., 6)
2.

CPD

woman doctor N — doctora f

woman driver N — conductora f

woman engineer N — ingeniera f

woman friend N — amiga f

woman pilot N — piloto f

woman police constable N — (Brit) (mujer f) agente f de policía

woman priest N — mujer f sacerdote

woman teacher N — profesora f

woman writer N — escritora f

* * *
['wʊmən]
noun (pl women) mujer f; (as form of address) mujer

an old woman — una señora or mujer mayor or de edad; ( less respectful) una vieja

a young woman — una chica, una joven (frml)

he ran off with another woman — se fue con otra

you're a lucky woman — tienes suerte

she's a sick woman — está muy enferma

a woman's work is never done — (set phrase) el trabajo de la casa no se acaba nunca

the women's movement — el movimiento de liberación de la mujer

a woman's touch — el toque femenino

to be one's own woman — ser* una mujer independiente; (before n)

a woman lawyer/dentist — una abogada/dentista

a woman friend of mine — una amiga mía

English-spanish dictionary > woman
19 free

free [fri:]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

2. adverb

3. transitive verb

4. compounds

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

   a. [person, animal, country] libre

• he managed to get free il a réussi à se libérer

• to go free [prisoner] être relâché

• to set a prisoner free libérer un prisonnier

• they had to cut the driver free from the wreckage ils ont dû désincarcérer le conducteur du véhicule accidenté

• to have a free hand to do sth avoir carte blanche pour faire qch

• he was free to refuse il était libre de refuser

• you're free to choose vous êtes libre de choisir

• I will be free at 2 o'clock je serai libre à 14 heures

• it's a free country! on est en république ! (inf)

• to be/get free of sb être débarrassé/se débarrasser de qn

• is this seat free? est-ce que cette place est libre ?

► to feel free to do sth

• please feel free to ask questions n'hésitez pas à poser des questions

• a school where children feel free to express themselves une école où les enfants se sentent libres de s'exprimer

• can I borrow your pen? -- feel free (inf) est-ce que je peux vous emprunter votre stylo ? -- je vous en prie► free from or of ( = without)

to be free from responsibility être dégagé de toute responsabilité

• to be free of pain ne pas souffrir

• a world free of nuclear weapons un monde sans armes nucléaires

• the elections have been free of violence les élections se sont déroulées sans violence

   b. ( = costing nothing) [object, ticket] gratuit

• "free mug with each towel" « une chope gratuite pour tout achat d'une serviette »

• admission free entrée f libre

• delivery free livraison f gratuite

• as a free gift en cadeau

• free sample échantillon m gratuit

• there's no such thing as a free lunch tout se paie

   c. ( = lavish) généreux

• to be free with one's money dépenser son argent sans compter

• you're very free with your advice (ironic) vous êtes particulièrement prodigue de conseils (ironique)

2. adverb

   a. ( = without payment) [give, get, travel] gratuitement

   b. ( = without restraint) [run about] en liberté

   c. ( = expressing release) to pull free se dégager

• to wriggle free [person] se libérer en se tortillant

3. transitive verb

   a. ( = liberate) [+ nation, slave, caged animal, prisoner] libérer ; [+ person] (from wreckage) dégager ; (from burden) soulager

   b. ( = untie) [+ person, animal] détacher

4. compounds

► free agent noun

• to be a free agent avoir toute liberté d'action ► Free Church noun (British) église f non-conformiste adjective

non-conformiste

► free climbing noun escalade f libre

► free(-)diving noun plongée f libre

► free enterprise noun libre entreprise f

► free-enterprise economy noun économie f de marché

► free fall noun chute f libre

• to go into free fall faire une chute libre ► free flight noun (in plane) vol m libre

► free-floating adjective (in water, space) qui flotte librement ; (figurative) [person] sans attaches

► free-for-all noun mêlée f générale

► free house noun (British) pub m (qui n'appartient pas à une chaîne)

► free kick noun (Sport) coup m franc

► free-market economy noun économie f de marché

► free-marketeer noun partisan m de l'économie de marché

► free of charge adverb gratuitement

► free period noun heure f de permanence

► free radical noun radical m libre

► free-range chicken noun poulet m élevé en plein air

► free-range egg noun œuf m de poule élevée en plein air

► free speech noun liberté f de parole

► free spirit noun esprit m libre

► free-spirited adjective [person, ways] non conformiste

► free-standing adjective [furniture] non encastré

► free throw noun (US Sport) lancer m franc

► free-to-air adjective (TV) gratuit

► free trade noun libre-échange m

► free-trade zone noun zone f franche

► free vote noun vote m de conscience (sans consigne de vote)

► free will noun

• he did it of his own free will il l'a fait de son propre gré

* * *
[friː] 1.
noun (also free period) School ≈ heure f de libre
2.
adjective

1) (unhindered, unrestricted) [person, country, election, press, translation] libre (after n); [access, choice] libre (before n)

to be free to do — être libre de faire

to leave somebody free to do — laisser quelqu'un libre de faire

to feel free to do — ne pas hésiter à faire

to break free of ou from — se libérer de

to set somebody free from — libérer quelqu'un de

to be allowed free expression — pouvoir s'exprimer librement

I oiled the hinges to allow free movement — j'ai graissé les gonds pour faciliter le mouvement

2) ( not captive or tied) [person, limb] libre; [animal, bird] en liberté

one more tug and my shoe was free — un coup de plus et ma chaussure était dégagée

to set [somebody/something] free — libérer [person]; rendre la liberté à [animal]

to pull something free — dégager quelque chose

they had to cut the driver free (from his car) — on a dû couper la tôle de la voiture pour dégager le chauffeur

to break free — se libérer (de ses liens)

the boat broke free from ou of its moorings — le bateau a rompu ses amarres

3) ( devoid)

to be free from ou of somebody — être libéré de quelqu'un

free from ou of pollution — dépourvu de pollution

a day free from ou of interruptions — une journée sans interruptions

she was free from ou of any hatred — elle n'éprouvait aucune haine

this soup is free from ou of artificial colourings — cette soupe ne contient pas de colorants artificiels

4) ( costing nothing) gratuit

‘admission free’ — ‘entrée gratuite’

free gift — Commerce cadeau m

you can't expect a free ride — fig on n'a rien pour rien

5) ( not occupied) libre

are you free for lunch on Monday? — es-tu libre lundi pour déjeuner?

is this seat free? — cette place est-elle libre?

I'm trying to keep Tuesday free — j'essaie de garder mon mardi libre

6) (generous, lavish)

to be free with — être généreux/-euse avec [food]; être prodigue de [advice]

to be very free with money — dépenser sans compter

7) ( familiar) familier/-ière

8) Chemistry libre

9) Linguistics [form] non lié; [vowel, stress] libre
3.
adverb

1) ( at liberty) librement, en toute liberté

to go free — [hostage] être libéré; [criminal] circuler en toute liberté

2) ( without payment) gratuitement

children are admitted free — l'entrée est gratuite pour les enfants
4.
transitive verb

1) ( from captivity) libérer; ( from wreckage) dégager

to free somebody from — débarrasser quelqu'un de [prejudice]; décharger quelqu'un de [blame]; délivrer quelqu'un de [oppression, guilt]; soulager quelqu'un de [suffering]

2) ( make available) débloquer [money, resources]; libérer [person, hands]
5.
reflexive verb

to free oneself from — se dégager de [chains, wreckage]; se libérer de [influence]; se débarrasser de [burden]; se décharger de [blame]; se délivrer de [guilt]
6.
- free combining form

smoke/sugar-free — sans fumée/sucre

interest-free — Finance sans intérêt
7.
for free adverbial phrase gratuitement

••

to have a free hand — avoir carte blanche (in pour)

free as a bird ou the air — libre comme l'air

English-French dictionary > free
20 Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 14 June 1890 Little Shasta, California, USA

d. 3 May 1969 California, USA

[br]

American pioneer of diesel rail traction.

[br]

Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.

Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.

In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.

Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.

[br]

Further Reading

P.M.Reck, 1948, On Time: The History of the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation, La Grange, Ill.: General Motors (describes Hamilton's career).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)

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